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Below are listed Morse Code plus a few phonetic alphabets. The NATO Phonetic Alphabet is the most common, but the others are used in other areas. A quick reference guide for the NATO phonetic alphabet. The phonetic alphabet is just something you need to know. Sure, you can make up new terms of the. NATO alphabet reference ; a—alpha, n—november ; b—bravo, o—oscar ; c—charlie, p—papa ; d—delta, q—quebec ; e—echo, r—romeo.
– Nato alphabet
The final choice of code words for the letters of the alphabet and for the digits was made after hundreds of thousands of comprehension tests involving 31 nationalities. The qualifying feature was the likelihood of a code word being understood in the context of others.
For example, Football has a higher chance of being understood than Foxtrot in isolation, but Foxtrot is superior in extended communication. To eliminate wide variations in pronunciation, posters illustrating the pronunciation desired by ICAO are available. Pronunciations are somewhat uncertain because the agencies, while ostensibly using the same pronunciations, give different transcriptions, which are often inconsistent from letter to letter.
Numbers 10—99 are spelled out that is, 17 is spoken “one seven” and 60 is spoken “six zero” , while for hundreds and thousands the English words hundred and thousand are used.
The pronunciation of the digits 3, 4, 5, and 9 differs from standard English — being pronounced tree , fower , fife , and niner. The digit 3 is specified as tree so that it is not pronounced sri ; the long pronunciation of 4 still found in some English dialects keeps it somewhat distinct from for ; 5 is pronounced with a second “f” because the normal pronunciation with a “v” is easily confused with “fire” a command to shoot ; and 9 has an extra syllable to keep it distinct from German nein ‘no’.
In order to eliminate wide variations in pronunciation, posters illustrating the desired pronunciation are available from ICAO.
Prior to World War I and the development and widespread adoption of two-way radio that supported voice, telephone spelling alphabets were developed to improve communication on low-quality and long-distance telephone circuits.
The experience gained with that alphabet resulted in several changes being made during by the ITU. Throughout World War II, many nations used their own versions of a spelling alphabet. The U. At least two of the terms are sometimes still used by UK civilians to spell words over the phone, namely F for Freddie and S for Sugar. To enable the U. The CCB alphabet itself was based on the U.
Army Field Manuals in the series. Several of these documents had revisions, and were renamed. Major F. Handy, directorate of Communications in the Army Air Force and a member of the working committee of the Combined Communications Board , enlisted the help of Harvard University’s Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, asking them to determine the most successful word for each letter when using “military interphones in the intense noise encountered in modern warfare.
According to a report on the subject:. The results showed that many of the words in the military lists had a low level of intelligibility, but that most of the deficiencies could be remedied by the judicious selection of words from the commercial codes and those tested by the laboratory.
In a few instances where none of the words could be regarded as especially satisfactory, it was believed possible to discover suitable replacements.
Other words were tested and the most intelligible ones were compared with the more desirable lists. After World War II, with many aircraft and ground personnel from the allied armed forces, “Able Baker” was officially adopted for use in international aviation. However, many sounds were unique to English, so an alternative “Ana Brazil” alphabet was used in Latin America. After further study and modification by each approving body, the revised alphabet was adopted on 1 November , to become effective on 1 April for civil aviation but it may not have been adopted by any military.
Problems were soon found with this list. Some users believed that they were so severe that they reverted to the old “Able Baker” alphabet. Confusion among words like Delta and Extra , and between Nectar and Victor , or the poor intelligibility of other words during poor receiving conditions were the main problems.
Later in , ICAO decided to revisit the alphabet and their research. To identify the deficiencies of the new alphabet, testing was conducted among speakers from 31 nations, principally by the governments of the United Kingdom and the United States. Among the more interesting of the research findings was that “higher noise levels do not create confusion, but do intensify those confusions already inherent between the words in question”.
By early the ICAO was nearly complete with this research, and published the new official phonetic alphabet in order to account for discrepancies that might arise in communications as a result of multiple alphabet naming systems coexisting in different places and organizations. Air Force research. After all of the above study, only the five words representing the letters C, M, N, U, and X were replaced.
It was finally adopted by the IMO in In the official version of the alphabet, [2] the spellings Alfa and Juliett are used. Alfa is spelled with an f as it is in most European languages because the spelling Alpha may not be pronounced properly by native speakers of some languages — who may not know that ph should be pronounced as f.
The spelling Juliett is used rather than Juliet for the benefit of French speakers, because they may otherwise treat a single final t as silent.
Early on, the NATO alliance changed X-ray to Xray in its version of the alphabet to ensure that it would be pronounced as one word rather than as two, [37] while the global organization ICAO keeps the spelling X-ray. For the and phonetics, each transmission of figures is preceded and followed by the words “as a number” spoken twice. The ITU adopted the IMO phonetic spelling alphabet in , [53] and in specified that it be “for application in the maritime mobile service only”. Pronunciation was not defined prior to For the post phonetics, the underlined syllable of each letter word should be emphasized, and each syllable of the code words for the post figures should be equally emphasized.
The Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet is used by the International Civil Aviation Organization for international aircraft communications. Since ‘Nectar’ was changed to ‘November’ in , the code has been mostly stable. However, there is occasional regional substitution of a few code words, such as replacing them with earlier variants, because of local taboos or confusing them with local terminology.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 2 October Most widely used spelling alphabet. Not to be confused with International Phonetic Alphabet or Phoenician alphabet.
For other uses, see Juliet disambiguation. ICAO spelling alphabet. Problems playing this file? See media help. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
This form of communication requires flags to be held in specific positions to communicate numbers or letters. While not as heavily relied on as it was in the past, NATO members still use this to send messages. Similar to semaphore, NATO flaghoist communication uses flags as signals.
The flags can be combined to create sentences in daylight. It may be more limited for longer messages but can send short messages accurately and quickly. Finally, NATO uses panel signals to send messages to aircraft from ground forces. Ground forces can request medical supplies, emergency support, and other aid from aircraft in the nearby area without using radio communication or other transmissions. The NATO phonetic alphabet is used to avoid miscommunication.
It can be used while speaking in person, through a radio transmitter, or other forms of communication. The first internationally recognized phonetic alphabet was adopted in the s. First, the International Air Transport Association adopted a version of the phonetic alphabet on November 1, NATO determined that it would be used before the final version became effective on March 1, The words in the NATO alphabet were specifically chosen to avoid any miscommunication between letters.
The words were also chosen to avoid miscommunication between speakers of languages other than English. The NATO alphabet allows the military to spell out words with minimal risk of error. When was the NATO phonetic alphabet created? Who created the NATO phonetic alphabet? Terms of Use About Us. Miscommunication can cause loss of lives and other tragic circumstances. The Complete Military Alphabet The complete military alphabet is revealed in chart below.
We designed this chart to be more than just a visual aid. How to use the search bar feature : Type any letter into the search bar. Guess the word that matches it. Click search to check your answer. Keep practicing until you memorize each word. This is a fast way to learn each alphabet military code word. Technically this is not accurate. Radio Communication Radio communication is the most important way soldiers communicate during operations and conflict, and therefore has the most codified structure.
Call Signs Call signs are the essential first part of any radio message, identifying who each message is coming from. Radio Checks While fairly simple, radio checks are important to make sure communication lines are in tact. Proword Definition Quotes denote synonyms Break Establishes that the current message will continue in a separate transmission. A revised transmission will follow this Proword. Can only be spoken by the person who initiated the transmission.
Over Ends individual messages. Finance Industry Uses and Notes Banks use the military phonetic alphabet to communicate security codes and to verify customer information. Military Phonetic Alphabet Final Thoughts This complete guide to the military alphabet and NATO phonetic alphabet has given you everything you need to know to learn and use the military phonetic alphabet.
Frequently Asked Questions The following frequently asked questions are some of the questions we get asked the most. What is the military alphabet A to Z? What is mission Echo Tango Sierra? What is Oscar Tango Mike? Do people create their own versions of the military alphabet? Does learning the military alphabet constitute DOD endorsement? AL fah. BRAH voh. CHAR lee.
DEL tah. EKK oh. FOKS trot. HO tell. IN dee ah. JEW lee ett. KEY loh. LEE mah. NOH vem ber. OSS car. PAH pah. ROW me oh. TANG go. YOU nee form. VIK ter. WISS key. EKS ray. YANG kee. ZOO loo. Establishes that the current message will continue in a separate transmission.
Establishes that an error has been made in the transmission.
The NATO Phonetic Alphabet: What It Is and How to Use It – Effectiviology
Archived from the original on 16 May Not to be confused with International Phonetic Alphabet or Phoenician alphabet. Although spelling alphabets are commonly called “phonetic alphabets”, they should not be confused with phonetic transcription systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Madrid: International Telecommunication Union. Fourth edition, London. To enable the U. The pronunciation of the digits 3, 4, 5, and 9 differs from standard English — being pronounced tree , fower , fife , and niner.
