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Jellyfish stings are fairly common problems for people swimming, wading or diving in oceans. The long tentacles trailing from the jellyfish. First-aid care · Carefully pluck visible tentacles with a fine tweezers. · Soak the skin in hot water. Use water that’s to F (43 to 45 C).
Stinging jellyfish –
Rod Brouhard is an emergency medical technician paramedic EMT-P , journalist, educator, and advocate for emergency medical service providers and patients.
Jellyfish stings can be painful, itchy, and—in extreme cases—deadly. The sting is caused by a reaction to a protein-based venom. Jellyfish release venom from microscopic stingers on their tentacles called nematocysts.
The venom is used to subdue their prey. If your skin comes in contact with jellyfish nematocysts, you will likely feel a burning, stinging, or tingling sensation on your skin. The sting often leaves tentacle impressions that may be red, brown, or purple track marks. The entire area may be pink, red, or purple. Some people can have a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis to jellyfish stings.
Some jellyfish species have strong enough venom to kill you even if you’re not allergic to them. This article discusses jellyfish stings. It also details the symptoms of a jellyfish sting, jellyfish sting remedies for the pain, and signs of an emergency.
Jellyfish use their stings to subdue their prey. Their tentacles are armed with thousands of nematocysts that can pierce the skin and inject venom. Depending on the species and the venom dose, a sting can cause reactions ranging from mild to life-threatening.
Nonetheless, jellyfish stings are common. Most are mild and readily treatable at home. The symptoms of a mild jellyfish sting may include:.
There is a lot still unknown about the causes of a severe reaction to jellyfish stings, in part because there are over 2, species of jellyfish around the world. While most jellyfish stings are relatively mild, some can be severe and even life-threatening. In some cases, the symptoms may be caused by the venom itself typically a neurotoxic reaction affecting the heart and respiration. In others, a sting may provoke a severe reaction known as anaphylaxis, in which the immune system overreacts to the venom.
Both may be involved and are often difficult to tell apart. In most cases, a severe reaction will occur immediately or soon after the sting. However, if anaphylaxis is involved, reactions have been known to be delayed for days and even weeks.
Symptoms of a severe jellyfish sting that require immediate medical care include:. If you or someone you are with experience any of these symptoms, call or have someone rush you to the nearest emergency department. If left untreated, anaphylaxis can lead to shock , respiratory obstruction due to swelling, cardiac or respiratory arrest, or death. Rapid treatment of jellyfish stings can reduce pain, keep systemic symptoms from getting worse, and lower the risk of complications including infections.
Once first aid is delivered, medications can help alleviate pain and swelling. Severe reactions need to be treated in a hospital. There are three steps commonly recommended for first aid treatment of a jellyfish sting:. Once you have removed the tentacles and immersed the wound in hot water, there are things you can do to control pain and promote healing. Over-the-counter OTC medications include:.
An ice pack is also an effective remedy for symptoms of a jellyfish sting, including pain, swelling, and itching.
Be sure to place a cloth between the ice pack and your skin, and apply the ice for no longer than 15 minutes to prevent frostbite. Anaphylaxis is treated as a medical emergency in a hospital. The treatment starts with an injection of epinephrine adrenaline , which helps relax the airways so you can breathe easier and tightens blood vessels to increase blood pressure.
This latter effect helps reduce the risk of shock. There are a lot of myths and misconceptions about how you should treat jellyfish stings.
Few of these homespun remedies have any research to support their use and may cause more harm than good. For example, some people recommend rinsing a jellyfish sting with white vinegar to relieve pain, but the evidence is split on whether this actually helps. The benefits appear to differ by species. By contrast, rinsing a bluebottle jellyfish sting with vinegar often makes the sting worse. No, do not pee on a jellyfish sting.
Moreover, peeing on a tentacle may cause it to contract, injecting more venom into the skin. Avoiding jellyfish stings is undoubtedly a better strategy than treating them.
There are several things you can do to protect yourself:. Many home remedies for jellyfish stings have been passed down through generations or by word of mouth. Because the treatment recommendations can differ by species, it pays to know what kinds of jellyfish are common in your area and to research how they are treated.
In the event of a sting, you can call Poison Control at for immediate advice on what to do. Despite what some people may tell you, peeing on a jellyfish sting is unlikely to help.
Jellyfish stings vary in size and appearance depending on the species. They typically cause raised bumps surrounded by reddish or purplish skin. Jellyfish tentacles are covered with microscopic stingers called nematocysts. Each nematocyst is comprised of a tiny capsule of venom and a coiled tube topped with a puncturing barb.
When you brush against a jellyfish, sensors on the tentacle will cause the capsule to contract and the coiled tube to extend, releasing the venom.
A jellyfish sting is commonly described as being sharp, burning, prickling, or stinging. Often, the sting will be accompanied by a throbbing pain radiating upward and outward on the arm, leg, or torso. The duration and severity of a jellyfish sting can vary by species.
Stings from small bluebottle jellyfish may last for one hour. A sting from the Australian sea wasp Chironex fleckeri —described by some as the most lethal jellyfish in the world—can be deadly, especially in small children. To pee, or not to pee: a review on envenomation and treatment in European jellyfish species. Mar Drugs. Law YH. Stopping the sting. Raising awareness on the clinical and forensic aspects of jellyfish stings: a worldwide increasing threat. Not all jellyfish are equal: isotopic evidence for inter- and intraspecific variation in jellyfish trophic ecology.
Delayed allergic reactions to jellyfish stings: usefulness of ultrasonographic evaluation: ultrasonographic features of delayed allergic reactions after jellyfish stings. J Ultrasound Med. J Allergy Clin Immunol. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. Jellyfish stings. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. Seymour JE. Are we using the correct first aid for jellyfish? Med J Aust. Heated debates: hot-water immersion or ice packs as first aid for Cnidarian envenomations? Toxins Basel.
Evaluation of Cyanea capillata sting management protocols using ex vivo and in vitro envenomation models. Pain from bluebottle jellyfish stings. J Paediatr Child Health.
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Jellyfish stings – types, symptoms and treatment | healthdirect
The main symptoms of sea creature stings are intense pain where you’re stung and an itchy rash. Please enter your name Please enter your email Your email is stinging jellyfish. Itch may last for a week. Sometimes you may need to go to hospital.
